Research on the Pathological Mechanism and Drug Treatment Mechanism of Depression

Depression is one of the prevalent and persistent psychiatric illnesses. It brings heavy socioeconomic burden such as healthcare expenditures and even higher suicide rates. Despite many hypotheses about its mechanism have been put forward, so far it is still unclear, not to mention the precise and effective diagnostic or therapeutic methods. In this paper, the current conditions of pathological and pharmacological mechanism of depression were reviewed systematically. Firstly, the most recent hypotheses and metabolomics based research including hereditary, neurotransmitter systems, brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), hyperactivity of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis and inflammatory as well as metabolomics were summarized. Secondly, the present situation and development on antidepressant drugs at home and abroad were reviewed. Finally, a conclusion and prospect on the pathological and pharmacological mechanism of depression were provided primarily.     

Radioembolization with yttrium-90 microspheres work up: Practical approach and literature review

Radioembolization (RE) is a selective internal radiotherapy technique in which yttrium-90 blended microspheres are infused through the hepatic arteries. It is based on the fact that primary and secondary hepatic tumors are vascularized mostly by arterial blood flow whereas healthy hepatocytes obtain their blood supply mostly from the portal network. This enables high radiation doses to be delivered, sparing the surrounding non-malignant liver parenchyma. Most of the complications are caused by unexpected particles passing into the gastrointestinal tract through branches originating from the main hepatic arterial supply. Knowledge of this hepatic arterial network and of its variations and the technical considerations this raises are required in preparation for treatment. This work describes the specific anatomical features and techniques for this anatomy through recent literature illustrated by cases from our own experience.     

Vertical pelvic ring displacement in pelvic ring injury: Measurements in pelvic outlet radiograph and in cadavers

Background:Vertical pelvic ring displacement (VPRD) is a serious injury and needs assessment. Pelvic outlet radiographs are routinely taken. However, relationship of radiographic and actual VPRD is still in question. Thus, measurement of VPRD from pelvic radiographs was studied.Results:Radiographic VPRD from outlet and anteroposterior pelvic views at 10 mm actual displacement were 20.12 ± 1.98 and 4.08 ± 3.76 mm, at 20 mm were 40.31 ± 1.97 and 9.94 ± 7.27 mm and at 30 mm were 58.56 ± 2.53 and 11.29 ± 2.89 mm. Statistical analyses showed that radiographic VPRD from pelvic outlet view is 1.95 times of actual displacement with strong correlation at 0.992 coefficient and strongly significant regression analysis (P < 0.001) with 0.984 of R² value. Whereas, the measurement from anteroposterior pelvic radiograph was not strongly significant.Conclusion:Pelvic outlet radiograph provides efficient measurement of VPRD with 2 times of actual displacement.     

Reversal of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: a cohort study in Chinese patients

Although idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) has traditionally been viewed as a life-long disease caused by a deficiency of gonadotropin-releasing hormone neurons, a portion of patients may gradually regain normal reproductive axis function during hormonal replacement therapy. The predictive factors for potential IHH reversal are largely unknown. The aim of our study was to investigate the incidence and clinical features of IHH male patients who had reversed reproductive axis function. In this retrospective cohort study, male IHH patients were classified into a reversal group (n = 18) and a nonreversal group (n = 336). Concentration of gonadotropins and testosterone, as well as testicle sizes and sperm counts, were determined. Of 354 IHH patients, 18 (5.1%) acquired normal reproductive function during treatment. The median age for reversal was 24 years old (range 21–34 years). Compared with the nonreversal group, the reversible group had higher basal luteinizing hormone (LH) (1.0 ± 0.7 IU l^-1 vs 0.4 ± 0.4 IU l⁻¹, P < 0.05) and stimulated LH (28.3 ± 22.6 IU l⁻¹ vs 1.9 ± 1.1 IU l⁻¹, P < 0.01) levels, as well as larger testicle size (5.1 ± 2.6 ml vs 1.5 ± 0.3 ml, P < 0.01), at the initial visit. In summary, larger testicle size and higher stimulated LH concentrations are favorite parameters for reversal. Our finding suggests that reversible patients may retain partially active reproductive axis function at initial diagnosis.     

胰岛素样生长因子-1受体基因变异与矮身材的研究进展

胰岛素样生长因子-1受体(IGF-1 R)是下丘脑-垂体-生长激素轴IGF信号通路的受体级联效应分子.近年来,国外IGF-1R基因突变矮身材报道逐年增多,现将IGF-1R基因缺陷与矮身材的研究进展总结如下,以期引起临床医师的重视.     

柴越汤对抑郁症大鼠HPA轴的调节作用

目的:探讨柴越汤对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴的作用及可能的机制,为临床用药提供理论依据。方法:将筛选合格的60只雄性Wistar大鼠适应性饲养1周后,随机分成正常组、抑郁模型组、阳性组、中药治疗组(包括柴越汤组、小柴胡汤组和越鞠丸组)。除正常组外,其余各组接受孤养结合慢性轻度不可预见性不同应激源的刺激21d制备抑郁模型。造模后按临床等效剂量给予药物干预,持续给药21 d,给药期间,各造模组大鼠均继续给与刺激。通过体重变化、糖水消耗和敞箱实验进行行为学评价,海马组织形态学变化、大鼠血浆促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH),皮质酮(CORT)的变化,脑内海马糖皮质激素受体(GR)和盐皮质激素受体(MR)蛋白表达的变化,探讨柴越汤的抗抑郁作用机制。结果:与模型组比较,各给药组均可显著提高大鼠体重、增加大鼠糖水消耗比率和行为学得分(P0.05),逆转抑郁模型大鼠过高的血浆ACTH和CORT水平,上调大鼠的海马GR蛋白的表达,而对MR蛋白无影响,在中药组中以柴越汤效果更好。结论:柴越汤对抑郁症具有良好的疗效,拆方后小柴胡汤组、越鞠丸治疗抑郁症疗效较柴越汤略有下降。其作用机制可能通过增强海马GR蛋白的表达,降低血浆ACTH含量和血清CORT含量而起到抗抑郁作用。     

Research progress on effects of intergenerational transmission on allergic disease susceptibility in offspring北大核心CSCD

过敏性疾病是由机体对抗原所产生的异常免疫反应引发的疾病,近年来儿童过敏性疾病的患病率呈上升趋势,已经成为当今社会迫切解决的公共卫生问题之一。最近临床数据和研究表明,代际传递因素与儿童患过敏性疾病的易感性有关,母代在孕前或孕期遭受一些不利因素可能会使其子代患过敏性疾病的易感性增强。因此识别早期危险因素(即母代危险因素)对于儿童过敏性疾病的预防具有重要意义。目前在代际传递背景下影响子代过敏性疾病易感性的研究取得了一定的进展,关于其分子生物学机制已有初步探究,该文针对母代遭受不利因素对子代患过敏性疾病的易感性的影响进行综述,以期在代际传递背景下为儿童过敏性疾病的预防提供新的方法和思路。     

基于肠心轴学说探讨肠道菌群在心血管疾病中的作用

肠道内庞大的菌群之间相互依存、相互制约,协同参与机体生理代谢和营养物质的消化。肠道菌群与心血管健康相关研究已成为十分重要的研究领域,肠道菌群组成的改变、肠道菌群产生的代谢产物和毒素都能引发心血管系统的病变。心血管疾病(cardiovascular disease,CVD)因高发病率和死亡率已成为一个主要的健康问题,CVD的发生、发展中肠道特定菌群的改变已被确定为疾病发生的关键因素。然而,肠道菌群及其代谢产物如何产生及影响CVD的潜在机制仍不清楚。本文就肠道菌群通过肠心轴调节CVD的最新研究进展进行综述,重点总结肠道微生物及其代谢产物与CVD发生发展之间复杂的相互作用,以及肠道菌群失调的改变对心血管事件发生的影响,探讨肠道菌群与CVD发病机制之间的因果联系。